Declination of Sufism among Muslims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Declination of Sufism among Muslims - Essay Example These forces are credited to them under the rules of Quran and Sunnah. The most significant perspective is that the supporters of Sufis take up the way of harmony or even furnished jehad for Shariatisation of the entire world as their main goal. Searchers of Tawhid ought to endeavor to devote themselves to the Prophet Mohammad, to such an extent that their whole selves, including their hearts and their spirits, were liberated from musings other than of God (Saiyied Athar Abbas Rizvi 178). Despite the fact that Sufism is well known, history gives testimony a few endeavors have been made to stifle Sufism. There have been endeavors to utilize even physical power and savagery to stifle Sufism. This paper examines a portion of the explanations behind declination of Sufism among Muslims. The idea of Sufism was predominantly expected to concentrate the spiritualist force on the otherworldly component of Islam with the reason to shield the adherents from the shallow and unreasonable creed of the confidence. At the end of the day it very well may be said that mystery is a sensible otherworldly control especially dependent on the knowledge of lit up searchers of the real world or truth. In addition, it tends to be said that it is a strategic higher strict request of any confidence, which hates struggle and viciousness in any structure. A definitive objective is delight of self-acknowledgment which is commonly experienced after a long profound practice (Upadhyay n. pag). Ev Significantly after the fame of Sufism, there are a few occurrences where the Sufi practices are smothered utilizing brutality. There are a few purposes behind this and despite differed discussions and pioneer and reformist endeavors to isolate or separate Sufism from Islam. Take for instance in universal Islam, as indicated by Najaf, the object of creation is the love of God, This is a relationship of subjection or at the end of the day - a single direction relationship where God is the ace and the enthusiast is the slave. Then again Sufis contend contradicting the perspective on standard Islam that God ought to be loved not as a result of the dread that you will be rebuffed on the off chance that you didn't venerate, rather God ought to be loved in view of the affection that an individual feels for God. The principle belief system of Sufi is love. Accordingly, Sufis accept that there exists balance among all individuals and everybody regardless of sexual orientation or submit in th e social request is equipped for communicating their adoration for God, and that outperforms strict affiliations (Dalrymple n. pag). One of the principle topic in the belief system and exercises of contemporary Sunni Islamist developments is a profound attached restriction to Sufism. The explanation behind concealment of Sufism is the pioneer way to deal with information or scorn of what can't be logically disclosed prompted the excusal Sufism as well. The shared contention between these gatherings has gotten noticeable in the cutting edge setting of increased political Islamism. The doctrinal underlying foundations of resistance to Sufism are found in the significant works of the thirteenth century Hanbali 'alim Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyya (Majmu'a Fatawa Shaykh al-IsIam Ahmad ibn Taymiyya). Additionally, Ibn Taymiyya in his journey to clean the Muslim confidence emphatically restricted Sufi polytheism and such practices as the love of holy people and journeys to their hallowed places (Makdisi 247-251). In the possession of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Ibn Taymiyya's limitations on Sufism was changed into a well known dissatisfaction and forbiddance of the Sufi requests (Shaykh Muhammad Ibn 'Abd

Legal Age for Alcohol Consumption Essay Example for Free

Lawful Age for Alcohol Consumption Essay Various governments have age limits for lawful utilization of liquor. For example, in most western states people underneath 18 years old ought not devour alchohol. Different nations have an age breaking point of 15 years (Miller, 2010). Every one of these legislatures have purposes behind setting this age prerequisites for liquor utilization. For instance, some contend that raising the lawful age breaking point might not affect society, if individuals don't have the will and enthusiasm to stop reckless drinking. Others contend that raising the lawful age breaking point would permit people to drink when they are full grown and capable (Kolander, 2011). This would lessen odds of flighty drinking. I accept governments should raise the lawful age prerequisite for liquor utilization, as a push to diminish the negative effects of liquor to society. I bolster raising as far as possible for liquor utilization. Notwithstanding, I additionally accept this can't be a fruitful measure to manage the negative effects of liquor to society, without utilizing different roads. For example, governments should execute a program to teach the adolescent on the negative effects of liquor. As per reports from various police divisions, most youth devour liquor when they have not met as far as possible. This suggests raising as far as possible must be viable if guardians ingrain ethics in their little youngsters (Miller, 2010). Hence, the strict gatherings and the family have a huge task to carry out in controlling early utilization of liquor. Also, raising as far as possible for utilization of liquor will lessen the damage of liquor on the strength of customers. People experience the ill effects of incessant impacts because of liquor utilization when they approach it at early ages. For example, the peril that a person who began devouring liquor at 18 years old, is more extreme than that of a person who beg an drinking at 25. Wellbeing specialists have guaranteed that early presentation to liquor utilization effectsly affects key interior body organs, contrasted with people who begin devouring liquor at late ages. Moreover, raising the legitimate age for liquor utilization lessens odds of habit, because of less introduction (Billings, 2010). Early introduction to liquor utilization has likewise prompted a weakened culture in the public arena. Families have separated because of flighty drinking by youngsters, who wind up enjoying other crimes, for example, thievery, to fund their alcoholic conduct. At the current legitimate prerequisite of 18 years, most youth might not have the funds to back their utilization of liquor. This causes them to rely upon their folks by misleading them, to get cash. If the guardians can't satisfy the monetary needs of the kids, the youngsters search for different alternatives to money related strength. Some go to the degree of stage overseeing seizes to get cash from guardians. This has dissolved the positive estimations of society, particularly the young, who are the biggest gathering of the world’s populace (Kolander, 2011). All in all, the above representations show that early introduction to liquor utilization has more negative impacts than positives. For instance, people have a high likelihood of securing wellbeing confusions, for example, lung and kidney contaminations. Besides, early access to liquor utilization likewise dissolves the profound quality of society. What's more, early liquor utilization may likewise influence the scholastic existence of youthful grown-ups, who end up as addicts to liquor. These youthful grown-ups likewise face the danger of joining illicit posses in the public eye. Along these lines, it is sensible to propose that legislatures ought to consider changing the lawful age limit upwards. Be that as it may, different establishments in the public arena should likewise help in easing the negative effects of liquor to society. Strict gatherings and the family ought to give counsel to youthful grown-ups on the perils of early liquor utilization. References Billings, S. (2010, October 24). Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Raised to 25 to Eliminate Deadly College Partying? Recovered July 19, 2012, from christwire.org: http://christwire.org/2010/10/should-the-legitimate drinking-age-be-raised-to-25-to-dispense with lethal school celebrating/Kolander, R. W. (2011). Medication Abuse Prevention. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning. Mill operator, W. R. (2010). Reevaluating Substance Abuse: What the Science Shows, and What We Should Do

The Psychology of Love How to Love and Be Loved

The Psychology of Love How to Love and Be Loved You might not realize it yet, but you are surrounded by love. When you wake up in the morning, the first things that you’ll probably see are the eyes and smiles of your family as they say their morning greetings.You step out of your house to head to work and your dog comes up to you, tail wagging, to see you off. While driving to the office, you turn on the music and what do you hear? Ditties about love.While stopped by a traffic light, you look out the window and see a middle-aged couple sharing breakfast in the coffee shop across the street. You turn to look at the car next to you and see a mother gently wiping a speck of dust from her daughter’s face.Suddenly, the giant billboard on the façade of a building catches your eye and you smile as you read the inspiring love quote flashing on it. When the light turned green, you continue driving, smiling and feeling light and wonderful. © Shutterstock.com | Mikhail_KaylSo much manifestations of love everywhere, and that was just in a small fraction of your day.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOVELove is everywhere. Unfortunately, not everyone recognizes this fact, and that is mostly because they do not fully comprehend what love is. Love, for some people, is that emotion shared between two individuals, involving a deep connection and intimacy. When they hear the word, they immediately think “romance”. They also equate it with the affection that one feels for a family member or blood relative, or a friend that they care about.Ask someone to define what love is, and you’ll probably end up just staring at each other â€" with you waiting expectantly as he freezes, trying to come up with a coherent reply. In the end, he might just claim that it is something that cannot be truly defined. Why, even the most brilliant minds seem to have trouble assigning a proper and accurate definition for it!But psychologists today would beg to differ. Love, after all, has connections with one’s behavior and attitude, and since it is, at its core, an emotion, it can be studied subjectively and analyzed systematically. That is what is called the psychology of love.If we are to come up with a definition for love, we’d have to settle for one that utilizes a broad view, describing it as a set or variety of feelings, attitudes, behaviors and states that represent an individual’s pleasure over something, or his affection for other human beings and creatures. Therefore, one can declare their love for their parents or romantic partners just as easily as they can openly claim how they love Starbucks coffee or the new pair of shoes that they saw on a storefront on the way to work.We often hear Love being described as one of the most profound and even mysterious emotions, and that is largely because of how broad or large an area it encompasses. Researchers’ attempts to have an easier time understanding love came up with sever al theories, and we will take a look at two of them.The Color Wheel Theory of LoveJohn Allan Lee, a Canadian psychologist, came up with the Color Wheel Theory of Love, which he first talked about in his 1973 book “Colours of Love: An Exploration of the Ways of Loving”. This is where he introduced six major types of love, divided into two categories: primary and secondary.Primary types of love1. Eros, or “love of beauty”This is the romantic, sensual and passionate type of love (eros is, after all, the Greek term for “erotic” and “passionate”), characterized by a physical desire for an idealized other, or the lover. In the eyes of the individual experiencing this type of love, no one is more beautiful than his or her lover. Lee distinguishes erotic lovers for their penchant of gaining delight and enjoyment in the tactile. They love to touch and feel, which is why their type of love is closely associated with sex which, in eros speak, is the “ultimate aesthetic experi ence”. Clearly, hormones play a big role in how this type of love plays out.The natural progression of eros starts from the first meeting, which brought about the much hyped or talked about concept of “love at first sight”. Upon meeting, two people will feel drawn to each other, and this is called “chemistry”. Their connection may be traced to a strong physical attraction, such as when one finds the other handsome or beautiful, or an intense emotional attraction, such as when they find themselves liking the same things and having common interests. This will be the basis of their relationship and, from there, the lovers will find themselves picturing starting to build a future together.Sex and sexual fulfillment factor largely in eros, and their emotions can be easily surmised in their physiological reactions. At the sight, proximity, and even the mere thought of their lovers, they experience acceleration in their heartbeat and pulse rate, a sudden attack of the nerves and butterflies in their stomach, warmth creeping up their bodies, speechlessness and a general lack of coherent thought when in the company of the object of their affection.Traits and Quirks of Erotic LoversErotic lovers are able to feel, create and nurture both a strong emotional and physical connection. These two always go together, meaning a person cannot feel physical attraction for another without feeling something deeper for them and, in contrast, he won’t be able to feel anything deep or meaningful for that person unless he is physically drawn to her. If he experiences only one of the two, then that is another type of love (which we will get to later).Erotic lovers are inclined to seek exclusivity in the relationship. There is an ingrained desire for an erotic lover to make the other emotionally and sexually secure in the relationship, so he is most likely to commit to keeping his “intimate and sexual self” exclusively to his lover. Naturally, he will expect the same from his lover.Erotic love happens spontaneously. Generally, this type of love blossoms between two complete strangers who, at their first meeting, will experience immediate excitement and anticipation, spurred by a powerful and almost urgent attraction.Erotic lovers want things to move quickly. From the first moment they met, they knew they are in love, so why wait? These two people are likely to start having sexual relations early in their relationship, even just shortly after their meeting.Erotic loversare the quintessential “hopeless romantics”, putting their partners on a pedestal, thinking that they can do no wrong, and treating them like fragile glass. They are the ones you will hear using pet names for each other unabashedly, such as “Sweetie”, “Honey”, “Cookie” and “Babycakes”.Erotic lovers are those who are ready for love, in spite of the risks and uncertainties that come with it. They get a sense of strength and fearlessness in the knowledge that they will be with their lover to face and handle these risks.Advantages of Erotic LoveThe main advantage of eros is in its sentimentality, or how it is rooted on deep feelings and emotions such as tenderness, affection and protectiveness, among others.Eros provides satisfaction for both parties â€" both emotionally and physically (or sexually). They will both be able to freely give in to their urges and engage in activities that will give them mutual pleasure and satisfaction.Eros can prove to be a great motivator, inspiring an individual to do better â€" to become better â€" in order to satisfy his lover and keep her happy.On a physiological level, eros allows the person feeling it to be relaxed and relieved, as he lets his emotions and hormones freely take control.Disadvantages of Erotic LoveEros can be so passionate, it will eventually become a consuming emotion for the lovers. Preoccupation with their lover and their relationship has a tendency to block out all else, so other aspects of t heir lives will be neglected. For example, a man now spends all his time with his lover that his family members complain about never being able to see him anymore. His supervisors also notice how his performance has significantly dropped because he was always the first to get off work without finishing his tasks, because he is always in a rush to meet his partner.Eros requires nurturing, which also demands a lot of effort from both lovers. Keeping the love going strong will need a lot of work and contribution from both parties. They have to sustain their interest in each other and keep the flames burning, so to speak. And this pertains to both the physical and emotional aspect of the relationship.Erosmay blur the line between fantasy and reality too much. This often leads to disillusionment on the part of the lovers, so they are unknowingly setting themselves up for huge disappointments, if something goes wrong in their relationship.Watch this great talk on the psychology of love. A wesome! 2. LudosShort-lived relationships often fall under this category, and is often experienced by competitive individuals who like to have fun. For ludic lovers, love is a game, and their measure of victory is the number of partners they will have. They adopt an “in-the-moment” attitude, not caring about the future of the relationship. In fact, more often than not, they do not really expect the relationship to go further, or anywhere beyond the here and now.Ludic lovers do not consider love as something to be taken seriously. Love is a game to be played, sex is the sport, and their partners are toys to play with. In their multiple relationships, they want to be the superior one, or the one in control. They are not above cheating, lying, or deceiving, since they see these actions as necessary “moves” in the “game”.The word “commitment” does not exist in their vocabulary and, for them, marriage is nothing but a trap that will tie them down and curtail their fun-lov ing ways.Traits and Quirks of Ludic LoversLudic lovers are predisposed to having multiple partners â€" often at the same time â€" that display a wide range of taste in partners. There is no specific type of partner that he is drawn to, because “anyone willing” will do. In other words, it’s quantity over quality.Ludic lovers have the ability to delay satisfaction of their sexual desire for their partners, if only to fan the flames and whet their appetites. For them, the waiting game is part of the fun, and prolonging the wait can mean more satisfaction when they finally engage in sex.The ludic lover loves whoever is in close proximity at that moment. One moment he claims to love one partner; the moment that partner is out of sight, he will turn to the one nearest to him and direct his love for that new partner.Ludic lovers become anxious and run at the first sign of their partner becoming too intimate and serious with them. At the first indication that the partner is starting t o expect something more, something long term, they will cut off all ties.Advantages of Ludic LoveLudic lovers are known to be masters in sexual techniques, well-versed and practiced in the art of making (physical) love to a partner, or more than one partner at once.Ludic lovers have impressive recovery abilities. They are not the type to sustain any lingering damage from a break-up, because they have most likely developed immunity to it, having probably gone through multiple breakups in the past.Admittedly, ludic lovers have a lot of fun and derive a lot of satisfaction from these short-lived and mostly physical-based relationships. They have simple goals, which means they are also easily satisfied.Disadvantages of Ludic LoveEven when they claim to be looking for a stable relationship, ludic lovers are still presumed to be highly capable of infidelity, or the inability to be loyal to only one partner at one time, given their promiscuous behavior. They will have the “once a player, always a player” stigma attached to them.Ludic lovers have, at best, shallow feelings for their partners, and this becomes second nature to them, so that they are unable to feel any deep emotions or connections with a partner. This does not make them reliable prospects for marriage, or any long-term relationship.Ludic lovers have a strong inclination to develop addiction to sex which, if left unchecked, can lead to bigger problems in other aspects of their lives, such as their social circles and professional endeavors.3. StorgeWhen we talk of familial love (the love for, between and among family), fraternal love, and love between best friends and companions, we are referring to storge. It puts a high value on one’s loyalties, duties and responsibilities toward others â€" mainly their partners and family members.This is the peaceful and uncomplicated kind of love â€" no passionate heat involved, no tumultuous storm of feelings, no angst, and certainly no rollercoaster rides of e motions. It is safe and comforting, and gradual in how it grows and develops. This love grows out of friendship, or even extended periods of togetherness, as one would see between siblings who have lived together since birth.You may see this happen between two people who first meet in an uneventful manner. There is no love at first sight to speak of. They strike up a friendship, which then slowly deepens into something deeper and more serious, and becomes the kind of love that will bind them in matrimony.Sex is also a factor, but not as pervasive as in eros. In fact, sex does not figure into the whole picture in the beginning, since it will only develop later in the relationship, when their feelings have become deeper. The only time sex will factor in the equation is when the cards are laid out on the table, and they have declared commitment to each other.Traits and Quirks of a Storge LoverFamily ties are important, so the storge lover pursues this type of love with marriage, family and kids in mind for the future. This also makes him a bit on the possessive side, but only to a reasonable extent, as he is not given to fits of jealousy.A storge lover looks at his partner or significant other as a best friend first, and then starts to see her potential to be a lifelong partner, with whom he can build a family and a home with.A person that experiences storge rarely, if ever, holds grudges. He is the type to still be friends with someone even after they have broken up or ended their relationship.Advantages of Storge LoveStorge love is safe, and not likely to damage or hurt anyone, unlike ludic love, where one party is playing with the other, often without the latter’s knowledge. It is not meant to cause hurt to anyone, and even has a strong foundation: friendship. Even if the intimacy is over, the friendship will still remain.A storge lover is not likely to commit infidelity or become unfaithful to his partner, because he does not want to “rock the boat”, or do anything to harm the safe sanctuary that they have built together.Disadvantages of Storge LoveThe absence or lack of passion in storge often gives the impression that it is not deep enough to stand the test of time. Since sex ranks low on this love’s scale of importance, it may often be seen as a bland and unimpressive kind of love.The lack of passion or heat may also lead to boredom by one, or both, of the partners. Their refusal to destroy the trust of their partners will then force them to simply go through the motions of everyday home life, not really looking forward to anything special happening.Secondary types of love4. ManiaThis combines the characteristics of eros and ludos, and results in a love that can only be described as “obsessive”. Ever heard of the phrase “mad love”? That could very well be mania, which means “madness” in Latin.Unfortunately, mania has the extremes of both eros and ludos. That means anyone experiencing it is in for quite a rollercoa ster ride of positive and negative emotions. He could be euphoric in extreme happiness one minute, then utterly depressed the next, only to swing up to a simmering rage in the next moment.For the manic lover, jealousy is a proof of his love. He thinks that, by expressing extreme jealousy, he is proving his love for his partner and, if his partner displays jealous fits over him, then that is a sure sign that he is loved.The quest for validation and reassurance is almost a constant thing, to the extent that they are bound to experience long bouts of anxiety, uncertainty and despair. Even sexual intimacy does not bring them the assurance and satisfaction that they expect, because they will feel more uncertain after the act. It is easy for them to go from extremely happy to extremely dissatisfied or fearful, and this practically keeps them from being happy in their partners and in their relationships.Traits and Quirks of a Manic LoverThe manic lover usually has a low self-esteem, and se es the attentions of someone else as validation of his worth or existence. This results in a very strong and almost consuming need to be loved by his partner.The manic lover can be very possessive, and is the type to let extreme jealousy take control, driving rational thoughts and actions away. Therefore, he is often seen as moody, bipolar, unpredictable and insecure.The manic lover has a strong tendency to be clingy and very demanding, even resorting to shadowing and stalking their partners, and force them into showing emotions and reciprocating their feelings. They justify their actions by saying that they love that person.The manic lover almost expects to be hurt or feel pain, and this fatalistic attitude holds them back from enjoying intimacy with their partner.Advantages of Manic LoveManic love involves a show of dedication, devotion and commitment that some people may feed off of. For example, a person who has always spent his life alone, without being needed by anyone, may ap preciate being on the receiving end of a manic type of love.The intensity of manic love can be quite impressive in how single-minded it can be.Disadvantages of Manic LoveWhen manic love turns into obsession, it could set up a poisonous environment for the couple, one tinged with distrust and suspicions. Fights and arguments are bound to ensue, which does not make for a harmonious living environment, both for the partners and the people around them.Manic lovers have the tendency to become codependent and addicted on the object of their affection, with their life choices revolving around their partners.Manic lovers can be easily taken advantage of by Ludic lovers, who will readily show appreciation for them as long as they fall in line with the rules of their game.5. PragmaThere are people who prefer to be practical and realistic in their approach to all things in life, including love. Thus, they experience love that combines the features of ludos and storge. Their approach is ludic, in that they treat the process of looking for partners as a business-like search. They cast their nets wide, catch as many partners as they can, and select from among them the person that they can have a future with. That is where the storge part comes in.Pragmatic lovers use logic in how they look for a life-long partner. They do not rely on their physical responses and hormones â€" as eros lovers do â€" and they do not have the patience to establish friendships first â€" as pure storge lovers do â€" before pursuing a deeper and meaningful relationship. Their systematic approach also makes them far from being manic.The pragmatic lover has a specific picture in mind of what his lover should be like, and that will be his basis in going forward with his search for that person. Usually, he will be strict, sticking to those standards, and readily rejecting those that do not quite match up. You will find him looking closely into the other person’s background, including her education, f amily history, religion, affiliations, hobbies and other interests.Sexual desire and interest is usually aroused only when they meet the ideal man or woman, or the person that meets his standards. This means that sexual attraction does not rank high on his list of priorities. Even if he does not feel any attraction for that person, if his standards are met, then they can work on the sexual side of things later on.More than romance, convenience is the focus of pragmatic love. They have expectations of their partners and of their relationship, and they want these expectations to be met. Their goals have to be common or complementary in order for him to consider her as a potential lifelong partner. It’s a quid pro quo relationship, a symbiotic union where both will benefit from the relationship.Traits and Quirks of Pragmatic LoversThe pragmatic lover can be quite cold when rejecting partners that do not meet the criteria or standards that they have previously set. This makes them col d-hearted and ruthless, and they usually won’t feel bad about being viewed as such.Usually, the pragmatic lover will base his “ideal” type on someone he already knows. This may lead him to look for a potential partner among his circles, or from those who he is already familiar with.The pragmatic lover will ask “what is in it for me if I get in a relationship with this person?” This indicates that he is forward-looking and will always look for value in his relationship and partner choices.Advantages of Pragmatic LoveSince this is grounded on practicality and reality, a relationship based on pragmatic love has higher chances of lasting for a long time. This is because emotions do not play a huge part in how it is developed and nurtured.When done right, it can result to a fruitful and productive relationship. A quintessential example of a pragmatic relationship is a political marriage, where a politician marries a spouse with the right background and credentials to boost his public image, while the spouse will reap the benefits of becoming a politician’s â€" and future official’s â€" significant other.Disadvantages of Pragmatic LoveJust like in business, a relationship founded on pragmatic love may turn sour when the business partners are no longer pulling their weight, so to speak. If, somewhere along the way, their goals have become differentiated, or the other partner has become a burden to the other and is no longer contributing to the partnership, the relationship may go down the drain.There is a chance of the pragmatic lover becoming manic. Having a predetermined or preconceived notion of Mr. Right or Ms. Right has the tendency to render the pragmatic lover inflexible, so that when he finds someone that he feels drawn to, but who meets only about 90% of his criteria, he’d be inclined to force that person to fit the remaining 10% mold.6. AgapeThis type of love, which is based on selflessness, is said to be a mix of eros and storge.When we tal k of unconditional love, or the love that is altruistic and does not demand or expect anything in return, that is agape love. This is considered to be love in its purest form, with the lover being selfless and willing to make sacrifices for the one that he loves. This is the reason why it is also often equated with the religious or traditional type of love.Saints and martyrs are known and beloved for their selfless and giving nature â€" their agape love â€" so it does not come as a surprise to hear selfless people being called “martyrs” when it comes to love, because they are willing to do anything and everything for the other person.Agape love is chaste and patient, and does not demand for any form of reciprocation. It sounds too good to be true, and John Robert Lee’s survey did not turn up anyone who qualifies as an agape lover, leading him to the conclusion that this type of love is the ideal and, therefore, not all that realistic.Lee added that agape love is easier to feel for all humanity in general than for an individual. This is almost like saying that it is impossible for a person to feel unconditional love for a certain someone.Traits and Quirks of an Agape LoverThe agape lover is selfless, without regard to his pain as long as the person he loves is in excellent hands. He is also very giving, even at his own expense.The agape lover is compassionate and kind, emulating an almost saintly devotion that most people would be impressed with but will still probably scoff at, and not take seriously.There is no jealousy, possessiveness or obsession in how the agape lover treats his partner. He is more than happy to just be beside her or behind her, whenever and wherever he needs her.Advantages of Agape LoveThe purity of agape love means that it has no preconceived standards, and so there won’t be any judgment at all. The “I don’t care who you are, where you’re from” mentality will apply.Agape love can inspire the lover to seek for self-improve ment. If he lacks in the sex department, he will show ready willingness to learn. If he lacks in other areas, he will not hesitate to seek improvement.Disadvantage of Agape LoveThe agape lover may be opening himself up to being taken advantage of by other lovers, especially the ludic and manic lovers. They keep on giving, while their partner will keep on taking and taking, and not giving anything in return because, hey, it’s not expected of them anyway.Unrequited love or unreciprocated affections tend to become exhausting, painful and even toxic after a while, and the agape lover may just be torturing himself knowing that he will never have his affections answered. This will make for a very lonely existence, indeed.The risk is very high that the agape lover will be nothing more than a carer in the eyes of the recipient of his affections.Here is an interesting summary of our main feelings. Love being one of them. STERNBERG’S DUPLEX THEORY OF LOVENow let us take another psychologi cal look at love, this time from the point of view of Robert J. Sternberg, Professor of Human Development at Cornell University. He came up with the Duplex Theory of Love, called as such because it is comprised of two theories, which were used to be treated separately â€" the Triangular Theory of Love and the Theory of Love as a Story.1. Triangular Theory of LoveAccording this theory, love has three aspects manifested by three components that react and interact with each other.Intimacy, which refers to the caring, closeness, connectedness and emotional support within a loving relationship.Passion, or the states of physiological and emotional arousal that lead to romance and sexual consummation and satisfaction, and other related phenomena.Commitment or Decision, where these two are differentiated by the outlook. Commitment takes the long-term view, referring to the commitment to maintain the love in a relationship. Decision, on the other hand, is short-term oriented, since it involv es the conscious choice and recognition of loving someone.The interaction of these three components can come in various combinations, with one or two aspect being more pervasive than the others, and vice versa. The varied combinations of the components result in eight kinds of love:Non-love â€" This type of love is low on all three components: there is very little intimacy, the amount of passion is very minimal, and there is neither a decision to love someone nor a commitment to sustain it. It is what one would see between two casual acquaintances, such as lab partners at school, professional co-workers, and business partners.Liking â€" In this type of love, there is only one component at play, and that is intimacy. Both revel in their closeness and connectedness, and they greatly count on each other for emotional support. An example is the relationship between people involved in group therapy or counseling. They share their pains and experiences, but that is all there is.Infatuatio n love â€" Passion is the only component at work here. This is something commonly seen in purely physical or sexual relationships, where there no emotions involved and, therefore, no strings attached.Empty love â€" This involves commitment and nothing else. The partners are resigned to staying together even when they are not inclined to care for each other or get close enough to provide emotional support, and they don’t even feel any physical attraction toward each other. This is often seen in marriages entered into for purely business reasons.Romantic love â€" This is high on both intimacy and passion. Physical attraction is present, and their emotions are also involved. However, it does not necessarily mean they will readily admit and decide that they are in love, and that they will keep that love going.Companionate love â€" This is when both are emotionally involved with each other, and they are keen on keeping their love going for the long term. Best friends have this kind of love, especially when they openly express to make their friendship last forever.Fatuous love â€" The love they feel is mostly based on how they connect on a physical and sexual level, and they use that to commit to staying together in a relationship they can see lasting for a long time.Consummate love â€" This is the type of love that has all three ingredients, regardless of the ratio or proportion. 2. Theory of Love as a StoryAsk around, and you will find that people’s perceptions and notions of the definition of love is shaped mostly by the stories that they see, hear, read about, or witness firsthand. Humans are naturally observant, and they easily draw conclusions from those observations, so they take all the things that they learn about love in all the stories they are exposed to, and they start to mentally draw a picture of what love is.Thus, when they start to look for love for themselves, or seek partners, they use that picture they drew in their head as a basis or standar d. For example, a young woman grew up in a loving family, with parents that do not hesitate to express their affection for each other. She was raised reading fairy tales, with stories of princesses living happily ever after with their respective princes. As an adult, she also witnessed her older siblings making great matches in their marriages and watched as they started their own families.All these painted in her mind the image of love being associated with shared laughter and loving smiles, warm hugs and soft caresses, and bright airy homes with white picket fences. It’s pleasant, it’s safe, and it’s tranquil. This is her notion of love.Compare that to a teenage girl who grew up reading young adult books featuring fantastical creatures such as vampires and werewolves fighting over a human girl, or handsome fallen angels coming to earth to save a damsel in distress. In her mind, love is when a mysterious and incredibly great-looking man appears in front of her and sweeps her off her feet.Culture, media, and experiences shape how we come to define and understand love. Often, we make our own stories, which gives us carte blanche to come up with our own definitions of what love is, or what it should be.HOW TO LOVE AND BE LOVED IN RETURNFrom John Robert Lee’s detailed study of love and its six types, he came to the conclusion that the most mutually satisfying love affair or relationship can be achieved between two people, or partners, who follow the same definition of love and share the same style of loving. It would seem that he is not an advocate of the “opposites attract” theory, since the disparity in two people’s styles of loving is likely to drive a wedge between them and drive them apart, or it may not even give love a chance to bloom.Sternberg’s take on the entire concept of love focuses on the three components, implying that, to experience consummate or complete love, all three must be present. Knowing those three components and being abl e to identify them in the realities of your relationships will help you identify what kind of love it is.The million dollar question is: How will all this knowledge help us, personally, in loving others, and having them love us back? Here are some points for consideration:Establish your awareness and set your criteria.This is the first step in most life-changing decisions: you have to know who you are.Are you someone that is easy to love? What do you have that will attract other people? What about you will grab their interest and draw them to you? On the other hand, what are you looking for in a person you will love? What do you expect from loving these people? What future do you envision? And what kind of love are you capable of? Incidentally, what types of love have you experienced and applied in the past?These are only a few of the questions you need to ask yourself.Psychologists also suggest lovemapping, or creating a mental checklist â€" called the “lovemap” â€" containing the criteria or standards that must be met by another person before you can decide whether to love them or not. This is basically your mental image of what you want in a potential relationship. In an example of a Personal Lovemap by relationship expert Rachel A. Sussman, the factors considered were biological, cultural, social and psychological. But your lovemap can be something that is purposefully designed with a potential love interest in mind.And it does not have to be set in stone, either. Your lovemap should be a checklist that contain the basics, which means they are the minimum requirement that must be met in order for that person to be considered for your loving. It could be anything from “He should have finished college and have a good, stable job” to “he must love cats and dogs” and “he must not mind having a talkative partner”.Establish your presence, but respect their space.You cannot possibly show your love when you are not present, can you? That person has to know that you exist, and that you plan on being a constant presence around him. You want to show him that you plan on sticking around, and he can count on you being there for him.Along with this, however, is you demonstrating that you still respect his personal space. There are distances that are not meant to be crossed, even between two people already in a relationship, unless they agreed to do away with those lines. Show that you are still capable of respecting their personal space even while you are sticking close.Let them know you love them.This is often a problem among couples and those in loving relationships, even when they have been in these relationships for a long time. They do not let the other know how they feel. Often, they assume that, since they are already in a relationship, loving each other is already a foregone conclusion.Guess what? Some people still need reassurance. Some people still appreciate being told that they are loved. And some people actually deserv e to be told that they are loved. Repeatedly.As much as we would want our partners to be mind-readers, it is most likely that they are not. No matter how secure you both are in your relationship and love for each other, it is still encouraged to let them know about it. Maybe not in so many words, but in actions â€" whether big or small. A soft touch, a warm smile, a short note, and even a single bloom plucked from the garden can speak volumes.Make the person you love one of your priorities.Maybe you can even make him or her your top priority. If you can’t, you should at least make sure he is up there on your list of priorities.One way of expressing your love is to show how important they are to you. That they are a huge consideration in your major and minor decisions. That you cannot make a decision without taking into account how it will affect them. This is also an indication of your level of commitment to that person.Now, how can you make them love you back? This may require so me mind manipulation on your part.Do your research about the person that you want to love you… and understand him.Having your lovemap or checklist of criteria is not enough. According to relationship coach John Alex Clark, getting the basic information about the background and interests of that person will enable you to meet their criteria.First of all, doing your research demonstrates your level of interest in that person, and that alone may get them to look at you with mirrored interest. You’re taking the initiative to get to know them in your own way, and this can be seen as a gutsy move by some.Those 36 questions can increase your chances of making somebody fall in love with you according to some scientific experiments. Show them that you are offering something that they need.All the research you did earlier will come in handy. Take a look at a typical high school scenario, where the cheerleading team approaches the new girl in school, befriends her and recruits her to join them after a random ground performance enabled her to show off her dancing skills. That is because they saw in the new girl something that their team needs: new blood and new talent. You can apply the same principle here.You have to identify what the other person needs, and find a way to meet that need. For example, a young woman harbored feelings for this guy since they attended the same classes the previous year. He’s smart, he’s friendly, but he also happens to easily get shy around people, especially those he isn’t close to. It’s clear he has problems with his confidence when he’s out of his comfort zone. The young woman grabs his attention by showing how confident she is, and he finds himself drawn to her, a spark of interest kindled.This is because people tend to become drawn to people who are similar to them, but still provide a good contrast, such as when their weakness is the other’s strength. It is a natural reaction to be attracted to something that they don†™t have and WANT to have. In the example above, the young man wants to be confident, and the young lady oozes it. This makes her, in his eyes, someone worth more than a second and third look.Perform some brainwashing, but be subtle about it.You want the object of your affection to think of you positively and look at you favorably, until his looks become loving and amorous. The bad news is that the process will involve some work. The good news is that it works. Here are several ways you may go about this.Enlist the help of your friends and mutual acquaintances, and have them put in a good word for you. It is highly likely that the object of your affection will start thinking you are awesome after hearing people he likes and trusts talk about it.Repetition is a good form of reinforcement. The other person is likely to get used to and accept you if you make it a point to remind him of your existence and presence repeatedly â€" without going overboard and becoming invasive and stalker-i sh about it. Let him see you often. Also, make sure your mutual friends talk about you to him repeatedly. This repetition will further embed you in his mind… and hopefully his heart.Show persistence and determination.Love and relationships require those involved to put in time and energy, and you have to be willing to put in both if you want to achieve your goal. Behavioral science professor Elizabeth Kane said that putting more effort into a romantic relationship will ensure that one receives more love in return.If you are the type to give up easily, then you probably never deserved to be loved in the first place. Persistence shows a strength of character, highlighting your dedication and determination, as well as your patience.But you have to watch yourself, lest it reaches stalking level and you start demonstrating manic love. There is a fine line between chasing as a sign of persistence and chasing as a way to cling to that person. You have to know when and where to draw the l ine. Perhaps, if your efforts and feelings are still unreciprocated after so many attempts (and shows of persistence), then you should re-evaluate your actions and decisions. There are some battles that aren’t meant to be won, and this may be one of yours.Make yourself indispensable to him.Short of making him addicted to you, make it so that he won’t be able to picture living from day to day without you. A technique often done is the push-pull, where a woman will make the guy get used to having her around, caring for him until he is almost dependent on her, then withdrawing or pulling away for a strategic period of time, long enough for him to start missing her.Now, for many, this may be a gamble, and others may be too scared to even try it. But it’s all in the execution and timing.Be someone that deserves to be loved.This is probably one of the most important things that one can do in order to be loved. Make sure that you will deserve that love. Put yourself in the shoes of t he other person and look at yourself objectively. Are you easy to love? Or are there characteristics that you need to work on?We often hear people say that, in order to be loved by others, you have to love yourself first. This is actually true, because you cannot expect someone else to love you when you do not even think that you are worth loving. By loving yourself first, you will have the confidence to move forward and express your love for someone that you want to love you back. By loving yourself, you are sending that person the silent message that he is making the right decision by choosing to love you.Ultimately, healthy and fulfilling relationships dictate that, in order for you to receive love, you also have to give it. It’s a give-and-take scenario that should have no room for selfishness. Despite all the definitions of love floating around, it remains to be one of the most mysterious emotions. But that does not mean that we are entirely powerless in expressing it, and re ceiving it in return.

Health And The Changing View Of Healthy Health - 1015 Words

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The World s First Global Conflict - 937 Words

Chantel banks World Literature II Literature Essay March 7, 2015 Illustrations on the Impact of War The world’s first global conflict, World War 1 (1914-1918), opposed the Central Powers of Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria and Hungary against the Allied forces of The United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Japan and Italy. World War 1 was significant because of the initial appliance of modern technology into warfare; which consequently resulted in an unfathomable amount of soldiers’ deaths and multinational collateral damage. Through the introduction of multinational war, was the introduction of personal experiences and perspectives of all parties included. 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Choosing Disability Free Essays

string(138) " with racial groups such as Blacks, Hispanic and others who are bonded together by shared values, and a common language \(Wagner, 2008\)\." Exceptionally: Disability and Giftedness Dry. Stuart Sameness’s Parents all over the world have one great thing In common, wanting the best for their children and giving them great opportunities to pursue their dreams. Children are considered special blessings from God, especially for couples that were bestowed with this blessing after much patience. We will write a custom essay sample on Choosing Disability or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, women who could not conceive were known to be cursed and inferior to other fertile women. Although, there are still any couples whose attempts to conceive a child naturally go vain, medical science has allowed these problems to be resolved through various interventions, such as; infertility treatments, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy or even sperm donor clinics. There are many things to be considered when it comes to family planning, before a couple decides to bring a child Into this world. For some, It may to Walt until they are financially well off, moving to a family friendlier neighborhood, or possibly visiting a fertility clan to weigh out their options. Fertility lining are also beneficial If the couple Is Interesting In knowing the probably of passing a disease with a family history or a disability off to their offspring. Moreover, possess preferential characteristics such as; eye color, hair color, height, race, and/or education. As one might say, conceiving through sperm donors is the safest alternative precisely because donors with congenital disabilities are screened out long before they would ever make the catalogue, as the sperm banks are aware that the probability of such a withdrawal is very low. But as strange as deliberately assign a disability to an unborn child may seem, there are many advocating for the allowance of such services. Some parents have taken steps to ensure that they have children with a desired disability. What is meant by ‘disability is subject for considerable debate, however. For many, disability is something undesirable, as it significantly reduces the individual’s quality of life and social opportunities. This scenario is particularly relevant to the Deaf Culture who consider themselves a part of a minority group. This paper intends to explore the controversy regarding the ethics of deliberately choosing a disability and implementing it on the case study of James Kittle and wife and discussing why they should not be allowed to deliberately select an embryo with a disability via the use of pre-implantation diagnosis. James Kittle is a congenital deaf married to a wife of 5 years. James and wife are both belonging to the Deaf Culture and seem very content with their ‘disability. Their main mode of communication is American Sign Language and do not consider their condition as a defect or a disability, rather a different viewpoint of life that differs only slightly from the norm. Both James and his wife were raised in a typical nuclear family with hearing parents and siblings. Once they learned that they were expecting their first child, they were thrilled. This excitement, however was short-lived as they soon found out that he was born hearing with no signs of partial deafness. They were hoping for a deaf child like themselves so that he could easily be integrated into their culture and so they could set a new generation of the Deaf in the family. As Jimmy, their son, turned four, they started fearing that they would eventually lose their son, o the hearing world. They decided to consult their family doctor who referred them to an ideologist with whom they could discuss the possibility of surgically deafening their son by removing his cochleae from both of his ears. As this was illegal in America, James took it upon himself to take Jimmy to Brazil where this type of surgery is permissible. Jimmy refused once he learned of his parents’ intention but was told that he would have no problem adjusting and was not given much of an option. The surgery was successful and James and his wife now consider Jimmy a ‘special blessing. They are now ready for their second child, but instead of simply hoping for that child to be deaf, they are considering the possibility of conceiving through pre- implantation diagnosis, since they do not want to take their chances as they did with Jimmy. This case study raises many ethical issues about deliberately choosing deafness over normality and why it should never be permissible to do so on the basis of fundamental human rights. The choice to seek deaf children cuts across the grain of virtually all discussion in bioethics about prenatal interventions involving the traits of children. It is not prenatal interventions regarding producing super kids, with superior qualities not commonly observed in their peers of the same age. These qualities usually exceed their peers and even parents in sight, hearing, intelligence, athletic skills, immunity to disease, strength and many more among the list of desirable traits. If options to select these enhanced traits were available, why would the parents not want these for their children? There seems to be no logical reasoning behind limiting their children of these beneficial traits. In addition, these traits should be equal to everyone and not Just the wealthy that already have the most advantages many people lack. From time to time, bioethics forums are flooded with such debatable issues and concerns when it comes to ‘designing’ babies through the use of medical interventions. By contrast, however, parents going through the extra mile to ensure their children are born with a congenital disability, particularly deafness, take the debates and the controversies surrounding these issues in an entirely different direction. Two contrasting views of deafness exist in today’s society. Most people insider deafness as a pathological condition resulting in profound hearing loss, followed by the viewpoint that deafness is a sensory deficit. People diagnosed with this condition are seen to be at a great disadvantage and strongly deviant from the norm. Moreover, the minority viewpoint regards deaf people as belonging to a culture paralleling themselves with racial groups such as Blacks, Hispanic and others who are bonded together by shared values, and a common language (Wagner, 2008). You read "Choosing Disability" in category "Papers" Those that belong to this culture consider the property of being deaf to be a highly ascribable characteristic and a unique cultural identity. The couple mentioned above takes great pride in being a part of such a culture and feel their motives of wanting deaf children through various means to be misunderstood. James and his wife wanted children like themselves and did not see their preferences as a moral offence. In addition, James felt so strongly connected with this culture that he wanted to see in his children the deafness that was so central to his identity. While the decision of this couple to want a deaf child grew out of their own moral intuition, Teresa Burke is amongst the many commentators that as offered a defense of such a practice, as long as certain conditions are met. Teresa Burke (2005) argues that parents may be allowed to have deaf children only if they are deaf themselves and are able to work on offering language or some means of communication to their children. She argues that deafness is compatible with the ability to pursue a rewarding life. Furthermore, she feels that eliminating many environmental issues, such as stigma and discrimination can offset its disadvantages and a society where the deaf and the hearing live alongside one another, coexisting peacefully is not entirely unattainable (Burke, 2011). The counterparts of this argument, which is much more relatable to the norm suggest that parents have an obligation to enhance the capacities of their children to the extent that is within their power. Julian Cupules (2001) feels that there is a certain obligatory force to treat and prevent diseases and that we have an obligation to try to manipulate these characteristics to give an individual the best opportunity of the best life, not the other way around. To fail to treat our children’s disease is to harm them. In general, he mental, and psychological capacities. Failing to do so is harming them, Just as it is to elaborately reduce these capacities and limiting them of a state of well being, regardless of how it is done (Cupules, 2001). From a perspective like this, it is evident that prevention of suffering is central to anyone’s moral belief. James and his wife were definitely not selfless, as they disregarded Jimmy’s refusal and went ahead with the surgery anyway. Despite the fact that deafness does not disable the possibility of a meaningful life, moral considerations suggest that parents should not be choosing this alternative intentionally. All in all, deafness is a disability in the ensue that it represents an inhibition in a major life function and James committed a strong moral transgression by making a choice for his son that cannot be undone. Typically, the search for genes that cause or contribute to an undesirable medical condition is followed by the hope of finding a cure for that condition, or eradicating it in general (Wagner, 2008). Deafness differs from most disabilities precisely because it is not universally viewed as an undesirable medical condition, and according to many advocating this point; there is no need to even find a cure, since it is not a problem. This is not to say that deaf people deny their tautological status but it illustrates their importance of culture over pathology. The current popularity of cochlear implant surgery today among hearing parents of deaf children with its post rehabilitation oral skills, has led to a reduction in the number of deaf children attending special residential school for the deaf at an early age. When the FDA announced its proposal in 1990 to provide children with cochlear implants, the members of the deaf community reacted negatively and even referred to it as ‘cultural genocide’ (Sculls, 2011). Now, many years later, the ethical issues of cochlear implant surgery seem to not be a problem anymore because of the advances in genetic engineering that has allowed people from this community to genetically ‘design’ their babies to their preferences. Although this technology is meant to eradicate any form of disability altogether, it has recently been used to Just do the opposite. Many of these deaf community members have been shifting their focus to prenatal genetic diagnosis (PIG) in tandem with in vitro fertilization (IVY) for embryo screening. A study released in 2008 found that 3 percent of in vitro fertilization-PIG lining in the United States have provided PIG to select for a disability (Wagner, 2008). In addition to PIG, other technologies may soon be available to people wanting to have deaf children, such as gene replacement therapy. In other words, deafness could be ‘created’ by deliberately inserting a deaf gene. This goes back to the topic discussed earlier regarding genetically creating a super kid, with extraordinary characteristics. PIG is an expensive procedure currently offered only to couples at risk of having a child suffering from a serious genetic disease, but there is nothing inherent in the technology that limits it to such uses. This means couples wealthy enough to afford such practices will be given full freedom to genetically create babies with preferable qualities whereas their less fortunate counterparts, who will not be able to afford these types of procedures, will always be at a disadvantage (Murphy, 2009). This leads to an entirely broad debate regarding eugenics and why it should not be practiced. Authors such as John Harris (2000) argue that intentionally selecting into this world who has a disability using technology in ways that it was not meant or, it significantly violates the child’s right to an open future (Harris, 2000). It is a known fact, which neither the deaf community itself cannot deny, that people suffering from a hearing loss lead more difficult lives than hearing counterparts, partly because there will always be more hearing people in this world than deaf and there will never be enough accommodations. Loss of hearing, therefore, in such a linguistic society can become dangerous when a deaf person is unable to detect nearby hazards thereby affecting their sense of independence and security and limiting social opportunities. Alternative viewpoints proposed by Albany Lucas (2012) contend that selection for a particular disability is as problematic as selection against, since both are based on the assumption that a single genetic characteristic should be the determining factor in the decision to have a child (Lucas, 2012). Opponents of this point assert that although they value the existence of living disabled individuals and believe in giving these individuals equal respect and opportunities as any other human being, it is morally wrong to knowingly bring a disabled child into the world and limiting their opportunities. In addition, the harm of genetically harming children can be clearly seen when considering how the same harm without genetics involved would be viewed. Genetics, reproductive technologies and techniques such as PIG are simply tools. Tools are used to accomplish things; whether the use of the tool is ethical depends on what it is that we are trying to accomplish. If something is morally wrong, it does not matter what tools or what method is used to accomplish that, it still remains wrong. In the case of James, who deliberately deafened his first hearing child, by racially removing his cochlea so he could become a part of their culture, now wants to create a second deaf baby using genetic engineering techniques. Preventing a child from hearing harms the child; it limits and disadvantages the child and therefore should not be permissible for medical personnel to carry on with this kind of procedure, especially for Jimmy and his wife, who are evidently putting their own happiness ahead of their children’s since they disregarded their son’s refusal. Jimmy was 4 years old when he was forced into such an irrational decision, which means he ad experienced the hearing world and had therefore chosen to stay in it. All the facts are the same and lets say, via PIG with in vitro fertilization Jimmy and his wife have their congenital deaf child. But now a cure for this deafness is discovered, it is risk free with no side effects, which leads us to think, would the parents, in this case, be right to withhold this cure for deafness from their child? Would the child have any legitimate complaint if they did not cure his deafness? Could this child complain to his parents dismissing him the possibility of being able to listen to music, the sound f trees, the wind, the rain, the waves on the shore, or hearing a spoken word or even learning spoken language? There is no imagining to how the child would feel when it discovers that it lacked these experiences only because of his/her parent’s deliberate denial. Furthermore, it is not plausible to say that all these things that the child could have had, but because of it’s parents decision, are unimportant, so much so that their loss or absence of it is not even considered a disability to them. Different groups. Similarly, deaf community is bonded together via a signed language, American Sign Language (SSL). Although this characteristic is not the sole criterion, it is viewed as a strong distinction between them and the non-deaf community (Singleton Title, 2000). Furthermore, the deaf community includes members with hearing losses at both levels of extreme, from those who are profoundly deaf to those normal hearing children of the deaf community. There are also people who are hard of hearing individuals that identify themselves as part of the deaf community. Therefore, acceptance and integration into the deaf community is depended upon he attitude and the use of SSL, which means that in order to belong to the deaf community, one does not need to be born deaf. Furthermore, hearing children born to deaf parents are considered bilingual and bicameral since they potentially share the language and culture of their deaf parents and they are inevitably members of the hearing community (Singleton Title, 2000). Although there has been some concern regarding signs of spoken language delay observed in hearing children of non-hearing parents, there is not much evidence to support this claim. Therefore, elaborately removing Jimmy’s cochleae was unnecessary since he did not need to be deaf to belong to the Deaf community. Many deaf parents, occasionally have the misguided notion that they should not sign with their child simply because the child is hearing. Signing with the hearing child, from its birth, not only teaches the hearing child to be fluent in SSL, but also it ensures stronger communication between the parents and the child. Moreover, turning normal hearing children to a deaf child overcomes the possibility of having hearing children that are bilingual and bicameral. Shift-Myers (2004) asserts that many hearing children of deaf parents evidently develop speech and language normally provided that they have some exposure to normal hearing speakers and if their family life is otherwise normal. In addition, Jimmy and his wife both belong to hearing families, which means there would be enough exposure to normal hearing from the grandparents, and the child would consequently not develop any language delay. In any case, if a hearing child of deaf parents does show signs of spoken language delay, then an appropriate practical Lana to enhance the child’s spoken language input would be in order (Shift-Myers, 2004). James and his wife ought to use the best mode of communication to ensure effective parenting, and to promote natural language acquisition for the child, whether it is spoken or signed language. â€Å"It is a simple fact that it is better to have five senses than four† Nanette Winters). Who can argue against that? Yet, what Winters calls, a ‘simple fact’ may not be so simple for everyone as clearly illustrated in this paper. This is especially not a simple fact when it comes to the Deaf community. Many facts arise from those who live the oaf lives. One such fact is that they believe being Deaf should be viewed as parallel to being Black, or Hispanic. Another fact is that these Deaf community members feel no objection expanding their community by wanting deaf children, whether it may be through prenatal medical interventions or postnatal surgical procedures. This paper explored the question of whether it is morally Justifiable to use genetic technology to here is not about being supportive of people who are deaf or otherwise disabled. The basic issue is whether or not there are ethical limits to what parents can impose on a hill. Pro-choice campaigners and reproductive freedom supports argue that it should be the couple’s choice or wish on how they want to raise their child, but through negative enhancement and achieving outcomes that are socially not preferred affects everyone in the community in general (Carping, 2008). Morally speaking, parents have a duty to use assisted technology to give their children the best opportunity of the best life, not deliberately reducing the child’s welfare. How to cite Choosing Disability, Papers

Origin Company for Electricity and Gas Company -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrigin Company for Electricity and Gas Company. Answer: The Origin Energy is an Australian energy company headquartered in Sydney. The company is recognized as countrys major supplier of electricity and gas including solar energy and LPG (Origin: Annual Report 2016. 2016). Origin energy is being categorized as leading electricity and Gas Company by providing innovative energy solutions to the people of Australia. It is delivering good financial performance over the years with significant progress across its key operational areas (Origin Energy, 2017). The ethical issues relating to the company include preventing employees and contractors from any reprisal, restriction of acceptance of bribes and gifts to public officials in any form and preventing discrimination of employees. The company has implemented a Code of conduct and governing policies for guiding the behavior and actions of its employees so that they cat ethically and responsibly (Origin Energy, 2017). The annual report analysis of Origin Energy states that it complies with the AASB and conceptual accounting framework principles in development of its directors remuneration and auditors report. The general purpose financial statements of the company are developed in accordance with the AASB standards as directed by the Corporations Act 2001 (Origin: Annual Report 2016, 2016). References Origin: Annual Report 2016. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/dam/origin/about/investors-media/senate-submission-carbon-risk-disclosure-160331/Origin_Annual_Report_2016.pdf [Accessed on: 16 August 2017]. Origin Energy. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.originenergy.com.au/about.html [Accessed on: 16 August 2017].